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  1. Adequate neuromuscular control of the knee could be one element to prevent secondary injuries after an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. To assess neuromuscular control in terms of time, amplitude and a...

    Authors: Angela Blasimann, Irene Koenig, Isabel Baert, Heiner Baur and Dirk Vissers
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:142
  2. Handball is characterised by repetitive passing and shooting actions mainly performed with the throwing arm. This can lead to side differences (inter-limb asymmetry) in upper quarter mobility/stability between...

    Authors: Julian Bauer, Stefan Panzer and Thomas Muehlbauer
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:141
  3. Intermuscular synchronization constitutes one of the key aspects of effective sport performance and activities of daily living. The aim of the study was to assess the synchronization of trunk stabilizer muscle...

    Authors: Monika Błaszczyszyn, Zbigniew Borysiuk, Katarzyna Piechota, Krzysztof Kręcisz and Dariusz Zmarzły
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:140
  4. The purpose of this retrospective study is to evaluate the effectiveness of early cardiac rehabilitation on patients with heart failure following acute myocardial infarction.

    Authors: He Cai, Pengyu Cao, Wenqian Zhou, Wanqing Sun, Xinying Zhang, Rongyu Li, Wangshu Shao, Lin Wang, Lin Zou and Yang Zheng
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:139
  5. Recreational running has greatly increased over the last decade, and different research has tried to understand the motivation that leads these amateur athletes to run. However, most research has focused on ad...

    Authors: Patxi León-Guereño, Héctor Galindo-Domínguez, Eneko Balerdi-Eizmendi, Mateusz Rozmiarek and Ewa Malchrowicz-Mośko
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:138
  6. In current sports science, the important role of sleep quality for health and peak performance is well acknowledged. More precisely, it is evident that the negative combination of stressful factors, low resour...

    Authors: Kristina Klier, Selina Dörr and Annette Schmidt
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:137
  7. During Australian football (AF) matches, players are subjected to high running loads, which are intermittent in nature. There is a growing body of research that highlights factors which can both positively and...

    Authors: Christopher Wing, Nicolas H. Hart, Fadi Ma’ayah and Kazunori Nosaka
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:136
  8. There is insufficient physical activity among women. Yet the implementation of effective, multilevel, and evidence-based interventions may address this. Since the lifestyle of individuals is formed in many dif...

    Authors: Leila Amiri-Farahani, Soroor Parvizy, Eesa Mohammadi, Mohsen Asadi-Lari, Ziba Taghizadeh and Sally Pezaro
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:135
  9. Increased engagement of adolescents in martial arts exposes them to a relatively high risk of experiencing orofacial injuries. We evaluated self-reported experience of orofacial injuries, preventive practice, ...

    Authors: Ali Esmaeilpoor, Simin Z. Mohebbi, Navid Moghadam, Mina Ahmadian, Samaneh Razeghi and Mohammad R. Khami
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:134
  10. In an effort to increase people’s adherence to active lifestyles, contemporary physical activity (PA) guidelines now include low-dose PA.

    Authors: Julien Tripette, Yuko Gando, Haruka Murakami, Ryoko Kawakami, Kumpei Tanisawa, Harumi Ohno, Kana Konishi, Michiya Tanimoto, Noriko Tanaka, Hiroshi Kawano, Kenta Yamamoto, Akie Morishita, Motoyuki Iemitsu, Kiyoshi Sanada, Nobuyuki Miyatake and Motohiko Miyachi
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:133
  11. Many people with neurological conditions experience challenges with movement. Although rehabilitation is often provided acutely and sub-acutely following the onset of a condition, motor deficits commonly persi...

    Authors: Cameron S. Mang and Sue Peters
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:132
  12. Physical fitness is an essential marker of health. The literature regarding the question of whether individuals with asthma have reduced physical fitness compared to their non-asthmatic peers is inconsistent a...

    Authors: Anke Hanssen-Doose, Robert Jaeschke, Claudia Niessner, Doris Oriwol and Annette Worth
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:131
  13. Symmetry is a sign of physiological and healthy movements, as pathologies are often described by increased asymmetries. Nevertheless, based on precisely measured data, even healthy individuals will show small ...

    Authors: Hannah Lena Siebers, Waleed Alrawashdeh, Marcel Betsch, Filippo Migliorini, Frank Hildebrand and Jörg Eschweiler
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:130
  14. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of bradycardia induced by pre-exercise acupuncture on heart rate responses during short-duration exercise.

    Authors: Hidehiro Nakahara, Shin-ya Ueda, Eriko Kawai, Rui Higashiura and Tadayoshi Miyamoto
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:129
  15. Peer-based exercise interventions that cultivate new opportunities for support with a fellow cancer survivor may result in increased exercise volume. It is not clear whether adding qualified exercise professio...

    Authors: Jenna Smith-Turchyn, Michelle E. McCowan, Erin O’Loughlin, Angela J. Fong, Meghan H. McDonough, Daniel Santa Mina, Kelly P. Arbour-Nicitopoulos, Linda Trinh, Jennifer M. Jones, Jackie L. Bender, S. Nicole Culos-Reed, Jennifer R. Tomasone, Madison F. Vani and Catherine M. Sabiston
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:128
  16. Superior shoulder motion with rotator cuff activation are essential for the performance of the throwing athletes. The present study compared the novel beginning movement load training (BMLT) and popular throwe...

    Authors: Wen-Yi Chou, Jih-Yang Ko, Shu-Fang Chen, Chia-Feng Wu, Kuan-Ting Wu and Shun-Wun Jhan
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:127
  17. The interpretation of the load variations across a period seems important to control the weekly progression or variation of the load, or to identify within- micro and mesocycle variations. Thus, the aim of thi...

    Authors: Rafael Oliveira, Alexandre Martins, Hadi Nobari, Matilde Nalha, Bruno Mendes, Filipe Manuel Clemente and João Paulo Brito
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:126
  18. Digit ratio (2D:4D) characterized by the length of the second digit (2D) divided by the length of the fourth digit (4D), is a powerful marker of athletic performance. Some studies showed a negative correlation...

    Authors: Hadi Nobari, Ana Ruivo Alves, Filipe Manuel Clemente and Jorge Pérez-Gómez
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:125
  19. Personal activity intelligence (PAI) is a single physical activity metric based upon heart rate responses to physical activity. Maintaining 100 PAI/week is associated with a 25% risk reduction in cardiovascula...

    Authors: Amanda L. Hannan, Wayne Hing, Jeff S. Coombes, Suzanne Gough, Mike Climstein, Geoff Adsett, Rohan Jayasinghe and James Furness
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:124
  20. The “parkrun: running or volunteering for everyone” (PROVE) project was an example of a community-based physical activity and volunteering initiative for people living with long-term health conditions in England....

    Authors: Helen Quirk and Steve Haake
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:123
  21. The therapeutic alliance (TA) is the bond between a patient and a physiotherapist during collaboration on recovery or training. Previous studies focused on the TA between physiotherapists and patients of the g...

    Authors: W. M. Charmant, P. J. van der Wees, J. B. Staal, R. van Cingel, J. M. Sieben and R. A. de Bie
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:122
  22. Injury-related fear contributed to disability in chronic ankle instability (CAI), while there still lacked exploration on the appraisal processes of the injury-related stimuli. This study aimed to compare the ...

    Authors: Xiao’ao Xue, Shengkun Li, Hongyun Li, Qianru Li and Yinghui Hua
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:121
  23. To improve propulsion during running, athletes often wear spike shoes designed for training and/or competition. Running with spike shoes may cause pain and/or injuries. To address this problem, a modified spik...

    Authors: Amir Ali Jafarnezhadgero, Ehsan Fakhri and Urs Granacher
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:120
  24. Respiratory symptoms are common in competitive swimmers. However, among these and in swimmers at other activity levels the swimming distance, the total spent time in swimming halls and their medical background...

    Authors: Marja Päivinen, Kari Keskinen, Tuula Putus, Urho M. Kujala, Pentti Kalliokoski and Heikki O. Tikkanen
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:119
  25. Hydrofoil technology has changed sailing, significantly increasing its speed and resulting in spectacularity and mass media interest. Although high speed can expose participants to a risk of high-energy trauma...

    Authors: Francesco Feletti, Eric Brymer, Matteo Bonato and Andrea Aliverti
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:118
  26. Anabolic–androgenic steroids (AAS) contain testosterone-like androgens and are used as supplements to improve performance, therapeutic measures, appearance, and muscular development.

    Authors: Ameen Mosleh Almohammadi, Anas Mohammed Edriss and Turki Talal Enani
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:117
  27. Monitoring technology is increasingly accessible to recreational runners. Our aim was to examine patterns of technology use in recreational runners, and its potential association with injury.

    Authors: Richard S. Mayne, Chris M. Bleakley and Mark Matthews
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:116
  28. Lightweight rowers commonly utilize weight loss techniques over 24-h before competition to achieve the qualifying weight for racing. The objective was to investigate, using a quasi-experimental design, whether...

    Authors: Dayton J. Kelly, Sarah L. West, Nathan O’Keeffe and Liana E. Brown
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:115
  29. Physical inactivity is one of the primary factors that leads to obesity and overweight. What is more, it is becoming an increasingly common problem among the population of those who work. The causes of obesity...

    Authors: Katarzyna Kwiecień-Jaguś, Wioletta Mędrzycka-Dąbrowska, Monika Kopeć, Renata Piotrkowska, Katarzyna Czyż-Szypenbejl, Rita Hansdorfer-Korzon, Magdalena Lemska and Piotr Jarzynkowski
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:114
  30. Ankle sprains are the most commonly reported injury in netball. Approximately four in five netball athletes will sustain an ankle sprain, up to half will go on to sustain recurrent ankle sprains, and nine in t...

    Authors: Patrick L. Rowe, Adam L. Bryant and Kade L. Paterson
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:113
  31. Obesity is considered an epidemic problem with an increasing number of individuals affected. The physical and psychological complaints associated with obesity point to the importance of implementing effective ...

    Authors: Julian Fritsch, Katharina Feil, Susanne Weyland, Detlef Schmidt and Darko Jekauc
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:112
  32. In Taekwondo competitions, the rule is that points are scored when the impact of the kick reaches a predetermined threshold of strength. This study aimed to explore the adequacy of the protector and scoring sy...

    Authors: Chang-Hwan Choi, Hyeri Oh and Minsoo Jeon
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:110
  33. Bowling in cricket is a complex sporting movement which, despite being well characterised, still produces a significant number of injuries each year. Fast bowlers are more likely to be injured than any other p...

    Authors: Matthew Constable, Daniel Wundersitz, Rodrigo Bini and Michael Kingsley
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:109
  34. A specific walking speed minimizing the U-shaped relationship between energy cost of transport per unit distance (CoT) and speed is called economical speed (ES). To investigate the effects of reduced body weig...

    Authors: Daijiro Abe, Shunsuke Sakata, Kiyotaka Motoyama, Naoki Toyota, Hidetsugu Nishizono and Masahiro Horiuchi
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:107
  35. Contemporary literature indicates that a higher body mass index (BMI) serves as a risk factor for metabolic disease and is also correlated with greater disease severity. Subsequently, it has been linked to inc...

    Authors: Athalie Redwood-Brown, Grant William Ralston and Jennifer Wilson
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:106
  36. Unilateral resistance training increases the strength of the contralateral non-trained homologous muscles known as the cross-education effect. We tested the hypothesis that unilateral eccentric resistance trai...

    Authors: Shigeru Sato, Riku Yoshida, Ryosuke Kiyono, Kaoru Yahata, Koki Yasaka, Kazunori Nosaka and Masatoshi Nakamura
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:105
  37. People worldwide have a high intake of caffeine. Active adults are among the group of people who have always been interested in caffeine as an ergogenic aid. This study aims at examining the association betwee...

    Authors: Zeina Tayba, Yonna Sacre, Randa Attieh and Haider Mannan
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:104
  38. Previous studies have typically measured velocity and power parameters during the push-up, either using one or two force platforms. The purpose of the study was to compare the force, velocity, and power parame...

    Authors: Zhanxin Sha and Boyi Dai
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:103
  39. This study aimed to investigate the interaction effect of aerobic exercise and vitamin D supplementation on inflammation (TNF-α, IL-6, CC16, SP-D, and CC16/SP-D ratio) and lung function (FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/FVC r...

    Authors: Leila Nikniaz, Morteza Ghojazadeh, Hooman Nateghian, Zeinab Nikniaz, Mahdieh Abbasalizad Farhangi and Hadi Pourmanaf
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:102
  40. Lumbopelvic control (LPC) has recently been associated with function, kinesiology, and load distribution on the limb. However, poor LPC has not been studied as a risk factor for lower limb injury in sports req...

    Authors: Paria Fadaei Dehcheshmeh, Farzaneh Gandomi and Nicola Maffulli
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:101

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:108

  41. People with physical disabilities (PWPD) have limited opportunities to participate in sport activities. Sitting light volleyball (SLVB) is an adapted sport that combines light volleyball and paralympic sitting...

    Authors: Ka-Man Leung, Pak-Kwong Chung, William Chu and Kwok Ng
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:100
  42. Interoception refers to the body’s physiological responses that occur in response to emotions. This phenomenon influences decision-making, an important cognitive ability that affects the maintenance of an exer...

    Authors: Yusaku Amaya, Tetsuya Abe, Kenji Kanbara, Hisaharu Shizuma, Yasushi Akiyama and Mikihiko Fukunaga
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:99
  43. The role of sports pharmacists is being emphasized in international athletic events. This study aimed to describe the pharmacy services for the 2019 Fédération Internationale de Natation (FINA) World Masters C...

    Authors: In Kyu Yang, Eun Ok Shin, Dong Gyun Kim, Hyun Cheol Jung, Kwang Joon Kim and Sung Hwan Ki
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:98
  44. Several studies have observed the contribution of chronological age, biological maturation, and anthropometric characteristics to sprinting performance in young soccer players. Nevertheless, there are no studi...

    Authors: Elena Mainer-Pardos, Oliver Gonzalo-Skok, Hadi Nobari, Demetrio Lozano and Jorge Pérez-Gómez
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:97
  45. Severe rapid weight loss (RWL) induces a decrease in muscle glycogen (mGly). Nevertheless, adequate carbohydrate intake after RWL has not been reported to optimize muscle glycogen following a weigh-in the even...

    Authors: Emi Kondo, Keisuke Shiose, Takuya Osawa, Keiko Motonaga, Akiko Kamei, Kohei Nakajima, Hiroyuki Sagayama, Takahiro Wada, Shigeki Nishiguchi and Hideyuki Takahashi
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:96
  46. Regular participation in exercise is important for people with cystic fibrosis (CF). Therefore, we implemented a personalized, web-based exercise intervention over the course of one year for people with CF. Th...

    Authors: Barlo Hillen, Perikles Simon, Sebastian Schlotter, Oliver Nitsche, Viola Bähner, Krystyna Poplawska and Daniel Pfirrmann
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:95
  47. This study sought to determine the effects of a 6-week neuromuscular training (NMT) and NMT plus external focus (NMT plus EF) programs on trunk and lower extremity inter-segmental movement coordination in acti...

    Authors: Bahram Sheikhi, Amir Letafatkar, Abbey C. Thomas and Kevin R. Ford
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:92

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